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本文基于Istio 1.18.0版本进行源码学习

4、服务发现：ServiceController

ServiceController是服务发现的核心模块，主要功能是监听底层平台的服务注册中心，将平台服务模型转换成Istio服务模型并缓存；同时根据服务的变化，触发相关服务的事件处理回调函数的执行

1）、ServiceController的核心接口

ServiceController可以同时支持多个服务注册中心，因为它包含不同的注册中心控制器，它们的聚合是通过抽象聚合接口（aggregate.Controller）完成的，该接口相关定义如下：

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/aggregate/controller.go
// 聚合所有底层注册中心的数据,并监控数据的变化
type Controller struct {// meshConfigmeshHolder mesh.Holder// The lock is used to protect the registries and controller's running status.storeLock sync.RWMutex// 注册中心的集合registries []*registryEntry// indicates whether the controller has run.// if true, all the registries added later should be run manually.running bool// 控制器回调函数的集合,当添加了某一注册中心时,控制器会向其注册回调函数handlers model.ControllerHandlers// 按照集群区分的回调函数handlersByCluster map[cluster.ID]*model.ControllerHandlersmodel.NetworkGatewaysHandler
}type registryEntry struct {serviceregistry.Instance// stop if not nil is the per-registry stop chan. If null, the server stop chan should be used to Run the registry.stop <-chan struct{}
}

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/instance.go
// 注册中心接口
type Instance interface {// 控制器接口model.Controller// 服务发现接口model.ServiceDiscovery// Provider backing this service registry (i.e. Kubernetes etc.)Provider() provider.ID// Cluster for which the service registry applies. Only needed for multicluster systems.Cluster() cluster.ID
}

注册中心接口Instance实现了Istio通用的控制器接口Controller及服务发现接口ServiceDiscovery，接口定义如下：

// pilot/pkg/model/controller.go
// 控制器接口,用于注册事件处理回调函数
// 注册中心控制器会接收资源更新事件,并执行相应的事件处理回调函数
type Controller interface {// Note: AppendXXXHandler is used to register high level handlers.// For per cluster handlers, they should be registered by the `AppendXXXHandlerForCluster` interface.// AppendServiceHandler notifies about changes to the service catalog.// 注册服务的事件处理回调函数AppendServiceHandler(f ServiceHandler)// AppendWorkloadHandler notifies about changes to workloads. This differs from InstanceHandler,// which deals with service instances (the result of a merge of Service and Workload)// 注册服务实例的事件处理回调函数,主要是为了支持kubernetes service和istio serviceEntry交叉选择服务实例AppendWorkloadHandler(f func(*WorkloadInstance, Event))// Run until a signal is received// 运行控制器Run(stop <-chan struct{})// HasSynced returns true after initial cache synchronization is complete// 同步检查控制器的缓存HasSynced() bool
}

// pilot/pkg/model/service.go
// 服务发现接口提供对服务模型的查询功能
type ServiceDiscovery interface {NetworkGatewaysWatcher// Services list declarations of all services in the system// 查询网格中的所有服务Services() []*Service// GetService retrieves a service by host name if it exists// 根据hostname查询服务GetService(hostname host.Name) *Service// InstancesByPort retrieves instances for a service on the given ports with labels that match// any of the supplied labels. All instances match an empty tag list.//// For example, consider an example of catalog.mystore.com:// Instances(catalog.myservice.com, 80) ->//      --> IstioEndpoint(172.16.0.1:8888), Service(catalog.myservice.com), Labels(foo=bar)//      --> IstioEndpoint(172.16.0.2:8888), Service(catalog.myservice.com), Labels(foo=bar)//      --> IstioEndpoint(172.16.0.3:8888), Service(catalog.myservice.com), Labels(kitty=cat)//      --> IstioEndpoint(172.16.0.4:8888), Service(catalog.myservice.com), Labels(kitty=cat)//// Calling Instances with specific labels returns a trimmed list.// e.g., Instances(catalog.myservice.com, 80, foo=bar) ->//      --> IstioEndpoint(172.16.0.1:8888), Service(catalog.myservice.com), Labels(foo=bar)//      --> IstioEndpoint(172.16.0.2:8888), Service(catalog.myservice.com), Labels(foo=bar)//// Similar concepts apply for calling this function with a specific// port, hostname and labels.//// Introduced in Istio 0.8. It is only called with 1 port.// CDS (clusters.go) calls it for building 'dnslb' type clusters.// EDS calls it for building the endpoints result.// Consult istio-dev before using this for anything else (except debugging/tools)// 根据服务及端口获取服务实例InstancesByPort(svc *Service, servicePort int) []*ServiceInstance// GetProxyServiceInstances returns the service instances that co-located with a given Proxy//// Co-located generally means running in the same network namespace and security context.//// A Proxy operating as a Sidecar will return a non-empty slice.  A stand-alone Proxy// will return an empty slice.//// There are two reasons why this returns multiple ServiceInstances instead of one:// - A ServiceInstance has a single IstioEndpoint which has a single Port.  But a Service//   may have many ports.  So a workload implementing such a Service would need//   multiple ServiceInstances, one for each port.// - A single workload may implement multiple logical Services.//// In the second case, multiple services may be implemented by the same physical port number,// though with a different ServicePort and IstioEndpoint for each.  If any of these overlapping// services are not HTTP or H2-based, behavior is undefined, since the listener may not be able to// determine the intended destination of a connection without a Host header on the request.// 获取与sidecar代理相关的服务实例GetProxyServiceInstances(*Proxy) []*ServiceInstance// 获取proxy工作负载的标签GetProxyWorkloadLabels(*Proxy) labels.Instance// MCSServices returns information about the services that have been exported/imported via the// Kubernetes Multi-Cluster Services (MCS) ServiceExport API. Only applies to services in// Kubernetes clusters.MCSServices() []MCSServiceInfoAmbientIndexes
}

2）、ServiceController的初始化

Kubernetes ServiceController初始化流程如下：

核心方法是pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/controller.go中的NewController()方法，代码如下：

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/controller.go
func NewController(kubeClient kubelib.Client, options Options) *Controller {// 实例化kubernetes注册中心的控制器c := &Controller{opts:                       options,client:                     kubeClient,queue:                      queue.NewQueueWithID(1*time.Second, string(options.ClusterID)),servicesMap:                make(map[host.Name]*model.Service),nodeSelectorsForServices:   make(map[host.Name]labels.Instance),nodeInfoMap:                make(map[string]kubernetesNode),externalNameSvcInstanceMap: make(map[host.Name][]*model.ServiceInstance),workloadInstancesIndex:     workloadinstances.NewIndex(),initialSyncTimedout:        atomic.NewBool(false),networkManager:             initNetworkManager(options),configCluster:              options.ConfigCluster,}c.namespaces = kclient.New[*v1.Namespace](kubeClient)if c.opts.SystemNamespace != "" {registerHandlers[*v1.Namespace](c,c.namespaces,"Namespaces",func(old *v1.Namespace, cur *v1.Namespace, event model.Event) error {if cur.Name == c.opts.SystemNamespace {return c.onSystemNamespaceEvent(old, cur, event)}return nil},nil,)}if c.opts.DiscoveryNamespacesFilter == nil {c.opts.DiscoveryNamespacesFilter = namespace.NewDiscoveryNamespacesFilter(c.namespaces, options.MeshWatcher.Mesh().DiscoverySelectors)}c.initDiscoveryHandlers(options.MeshWatcher, c.opts.DiscoveryNamespacesFilter)c.services = kclient.NewFiltered[*v1.Service](kubeClient, kclient.Filter{ObjectFilter: c.opts.DiscoveryNamespacesFilter.Filter})// 注册service对应的事件处理回调函数registerHandlers[*v1.Service](c, c.services, "Services", c.onServiceEvent, nil)switch options.EndpointMode {case EndpointSliceOnly:c.endpoints = newEndpointSliceController(c)default: // nolint: gocriticlog.Errorf("unknown endpoints mode: %v", options.EndpointMode)fallthroughcase EndpointsOnly:// 实例化endpointsController,注册endpoints对应的事件处理回调函数c.endpoints = newEndpointsController(c)}// This is for getting the node IPs of a selected set of nodesc.nodes = kclient.NewFiltered[*v1.Node](kubeClient, kclient.Filter{ObjectTransform: kubelib.StripNodeUnusedFields})// 注册node对应的事件处理回调函数registerHandlers[*v1.Node](c, c.nodes, "Nodes", c.onNodeEvent, nil)c.podsClient = kclient.NewFiltered[*v1.Pod](kubeClient, kclient.Filter{ObjectFilter:    c.opts.DiscoveryNamespacesFilter.Filter,ObjectTransform: kubelib.StripPodUnusedFields,})c.pods = newPodCache(c, c.podsClient, func(key types.NamespacedName) {c.queue.Push(func() error {return c.endpoints.sync(key.Name, key.Namespace, model.EventAdd, true)})})// 注册pod对应的事件处理回调函数registerHandlers[*v1.Pod](c, c.podsClient, "Pods", c.pods.onEvent, c.pods.labelFilter)if features.EnableMCSServiceDiscovery || features.EnableMCSHost {c.crdWatcher = crdwatcher.NewController(kubeClient)}if features.EnableAmbientControllers {c.configController = options.ConfigControllerc.ambientIndex = c.setupIndex()}c.exports = newServiceExportCache(c)c.imports = newServiceImportCache(c)c.meshWatcher = options.MeshWatcherif c.opts.MeshNetworksWatcher != nil {c.opts.MeshNetworksWatcher.AddNetworksHandler(func() {c.reloadMeshNetworks()c.onNetworkChange()})c.reloadMeshNetworks()}return c
}

NewController()方法中实例化了Kubernetes注册中心的控制器，Kubernetes注册中心的控制器定义如下：

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/controller.go
type Controller struct {opts Optionsclient kubelib.Client// 控制器的任务队列queue queue.Instancenamespaces kclient.Client[*v1.Namespace]services   kclient.Client[*v1.Service]// kubernetes的endpoints控制器抽象接口,支持endpoint和endpointSliceendpoints kubeEndpointsController// Used to watch node accessible from remote cluster.// In multi-cluster(shared control plane multi-networks) scenario, ingress gateway service can be of nodePort type.// With this, we can populate mesh's gateway address with the node ips.nodes kclient.Client[*v1.Node]crdWatcher *crdwatcher.Controller// 多集群服务serviceExport的资源处理接口exports serviceExportCache// 多集群服务serviceImport的资源处理接口imports serviceImportCache// 包含kclient.Client[*v1.Pod]pods *PodCachecrdHandlers []func(name string)// service及pod实例的事件处理函数handlers                   model.ControllerHandlersnamespaceDiscoveryHandlers []func(ns string, event model.Event)// This is only used for teststop chan struct{}sync.RWMutex// servicesMap stores hostname ==> service, it is used to reduce convertService calls.// istio服务模型的缓存servicesMap map[host.Name]*model.Service// nodeSelectorsForServices stores hostname => label selectors that can be used to// refine the set of node port IPs for a service.nodeSelectorsForServices map[host.Name]labels.Instance// map of node name and its address+labels - this is the only thing we need from nodes// for vm to k8s or cross cluster. When node port services select specific nodes by labels,// we run through the label selectors here to pick only ones that we need.// Only nodes with ExternalIP addresses are included in this map !// node的缓存nodeInfoMap map[string]kubernetesNode// externalNameSvcInstanceMap stores hostname ==> instance, is used to store instances for ExternalName k8s services// externalName类型的服务实例缓存externalNameSvcInstanceMap map[host.Name][]*model.ServiceInstance// index over workload instances from workload entries// 工作负载实例的索引workloadInstancesIndex workloadinstances.IndexnetworkManager// initialSyncTimedout is set to true after performing an initial processing timed out.initialSyncTimedout *atomic.BoolmeshWatcher         mesh.WatcherpodsClient kclient.Client[*v1.Pod]ambientIndex     *AmbientIndexconfigController model.ConfigStoreControllerconfigCluster    bool
}

Controller中services、nodes、podsClient属性都是Client[T controllers.Object]类型的，Client[T controllers.Object]封装了对应的资源操作客户端，定义如下：

// pkg/kube/kclient/interfaces.go
// Client wraps a Kubernetes client providing cached read access and direct write access.
type Client[T controllers.Object] interface {Reader[T]Writer[T]Informer[T]
}

Kubernetes控制器关键属性的初始化方式如下图：

Kubernetes控制器的核心就是监听Kubernetes相关资源（Service、Endpoint、EndpointSlice、Pod、Node）的更新事件，执行相应的事件处理回调函数；并且进行从Kubernetes资源对象到Istio资源对象的转换，提供一定的缓存能力，主要是缓存Istio Service与WorkloadInstance

3）、ServiceController的工作机制

ServiceController为4种资源分别创建了Informer，用于监听Kubernetes资源的更新，并为其注册EventHandler

NewController()方法中调用registerHandlers()方法为4种资源注册EventHandler，registerHandlers()方法代码如下：

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/controller.go
func registerHandlers[T controllers.ComparableObject](c *Controller,informer kclient.Informer[T], otype string,handler func(T, T, model.Event) error, filter FilterOutFunc[T],
) {// 包装传入的handler方法wrappedHandler := func(prev, curr T, event model.Event) error {curr = informer.Get(curr.GetName(), curr.GetNamespace())if controllers.IsNil(curr) {// this can happen when an immediate delete after update// the delete event can be handled laterreturn nil}return handler(prev, curr, event)}informer.AddEventHandler(controllers.EventHandler[T]{AddFunc: func(obj T) {incrementEvent(otype, "add")// 创建资源处理任务并将其推送到任务队列c.queue.Push(func() error {return wrappedHandler(ptr.Empty[T](), obj, model.EventAdd)})},UpdateFunc: func(old, cur T) {if filter != nil {if filter(old, cur) {incrementEvent(otype, "updatesame")return}}incrementEvent(otype, "update")c.queue.Push(func() error {return wrappedHandler(old, cur, model.EventUpdate)})},DeleteFunc: func(obj T) {incrementEvent(otype, "delete")c.queue.Push(func() error {return handler(ptr.Empty[T](), obj, model.EventDelete)})},})
}

当监听到Service、Endpoint、Pod、Node资源更新时，EventHandler会创建资源处理任务并将其推送到任务队列，然后由任务处理协程阻塞式地接收任务对象，最终调用任务处理函数完成对资源对象的事件处理

1）Service事件处理

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/controller.go
func (c *Controller) onServiceEvent(_, curr *v1.Service, event model.Event) error {log.Debugf("Handle event %s for service %s in namespace %s", event, curr.Name, curr.Namespace)// Create the standard (cluster.local) service.// 将kubernetes service转换成istio servicesvcConv := kube.ConvertService(*curr, c.opts.DomainSuffix, c.Cluster())switch event {case model.EventDelete:// 删除servicec.deleteService(svcConv)default:// 创建或更新servicec.addOrUpdateService(curr, svcConv, event, false)}return nil
}func (c *Controller) addOrUpdateService(curr *v1.Service, currConv *model.Service, event model.Event, updateEDSCache bool) {needsFullPush := false// First, process nodePort gateway service, whose externalIPs specified// and loadbalancer gateway serviceif !currConv.Attributes.ClusterExternalAddresses.IsEmpty() {needsFullPush = c.extractGatewaysFromService(currConv)} else if isNodePortGatewayService(curr) {// We need to know which services are using node selectors because during node events,// we have to update all the node port services accordingly.nodeSelector := getNodeSelectorsForService(curr)c.Lock()// only add when it is nodePort gateway servicec.nodeSelectorsForServices[currConv.Hostname] = nodeSelectorc.Unlock()needsFullPush = c.updateServiceNodePortAddresses(currConv)}var prevConv *model.Service// instance conversion is only required when service is added/updated.instances := kube.ExternalNameServiceInstances(curr, currConv)c.Lock()prevConv = c.servicesMap[currConv.Hostname]c.servicesMap[currConv.Hostname] = currConvif len(instances) > 0 {c.externalNameSvcInstanceMap[currConv.Hostname] = instances}c.Unlock()// This full push needed to update ALL ends endpoints, even though we do a full push on service add/update// as that full push is only triggered for the specific service.if needsFullPush {// networks are different, we need to update all eds endpointsc.opts.XDSUpdater.ConfigUpdate(&model.PushRequest{Full: true, Reason: []model.TriggerReason{model.NetworksTrigger}})}shard := model.ShardKeyFromRegistry(c)ns := currConv.Attributes.Namespace// We also need to update when the Service changes. For Kubernetes, a service change will result in Endpoint updates,// but workload entries will also need to be updated.// TODO(nmittler): Build different sets of endpoints for cluster.local and clusterset.local.if updateEDSCache || features.EnableK8SServiceSelectWorkloadEntries {endpoints := c.buildEndpointsForService(currConv, updateEDSCache)if len(endpoints) > 0 {c.opts.XDSUpdater.EDSCacheUpdate(shard, string(currConv.Hostname), ns, endpoints)}}// 更新服务缓存c.opts.XDSUpdater.SvcUpdate(shard, string(currConv.Hostname), ns, event)// 触发service事件处理函数c.handlers.NotifyServiceHandlers(prevConv, currConv, event)
}

Service事件处理器会将根据事件的类型更新服务缓存，然后调用serviceHandlers的事件处理器进行回调。serviceHandlers是通过ServiceController的AppendServiceHandler()注册的，注册代码如下：

// pilot/pkg/bootstrap/server.go
func (s *Server) initRegistryEventHandlers() {log.Info("initializing registry event handlers")// Flush cached discovery responses whenever services configuration change.serviceHandler := func(prev, curr *model.Service, event model.Event) {needsPush := trueif event == model.EventUpdate {needsPush = serviceUpdateNeedsPush(prev, curr)}if needsPush {// 触发xds全量更新pushReq := &model.PushRequest{Full:           true,ConfigsUpdated: sets.New(model.ConfigKey{Kind: kind.ServiceEntry, Name: string(curr.Hostname), Namespace: curr.Attributes.Namespace}),Reason:         []model.TriggerReason{model.ServiceUpdate},}s.XDSServer.ConfigUpdate(pushReq)}}// 注册service的事件处理函数s.ServiceController().AppendServiceHandler(serviceHandler)...

2）Endpoint事件处理

Endpoint事件处理器在NewController()中调用newEndpointsController()创建endpointsController的时候注册：

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/endpoints.go
func newEndpointsController(c *Controller) *endpointsController {endpoints := kclient.NewFiltered[*v1.Endpoints](c.client, kclient.Filter{ObjectFilter: c.opts.GetFilter()})out := &endpointsController{endpoints: endpoints,c:         c,}// 注册endpoint对应的事件处理回调函数registerHandlers[*v1.Endpoints](c, endpoints, "Endpoints", out.onEvent, endpointsEqual)return out
}func (e *endpointsController) onEvent(_, ep *v1.Endpoints, event model.Event) error {return processEndpointEvent(e.c, e, ep.Name, ep.Namespace, event, ep)
}

Endpoint事件处理函数是processEndpointEvent()，实现如下：

// pilot/pkg/serviceregistry/kube/controller/endpointcontroller.go
func processEndpointEvent(c *Controller, epc kubeEndpointsController, name string, namespace string, event model.Event, ep any) error {// Update internal endpoint cache no matter what kind of service, even headless service.// As for gateways, the cluster discovery type is `EDS` for headless service.// 更新edsupdateEDS(c, epc, ep, event)if svc := c.services.Get(name, namespace); svc != nil {// if the service is headless service, trigger a full push if EnableHeadlessService is true,// otherwise push endpoint updates - needed for NDS output.// 如果是headlessService,触发xds全量更新if svc.Spec.ClusterIP == v1.ClusterIPNone {for _, modelSvc := range c.servicesForNamespacedName(config.NamespacedName(svc)) {c.opts.XDSUpdater.ConfigUpdate(&model.PushRequest{Full: features.EnableHeadlessService,// TODO: extend and set service instance type, so no need to re-init push contextConfigsUpdated: sets.New(model.ConfigKey{Kind: kind.ServiceEntry, Name: modelSvc.Hostname.String(), Namespace: svc.Namespace}),Reason: []model.TriggerReason{model.HeadlessEndpointUpdate},})return nil}}}return nil
}func updateEDS(c *Controller, epc kubeEndpointsController, ep any, event model.Event) {namespacedName := epc.getServiceNamespacedName(ep)log.Debugf("Handle EDS endpoint %s %s in namespace %s", namespacedName.Name, event, namespacedName.Namespace)var forgottenEndpointsByHost map[host.Name][]*model.IstioEndpointif event == model.EventDelete {forgottenEndpointsByHost = epc.forgetEndpoint(ep)}shard := model.ShardKeyFromRegistry(c)for _, hostName := range c.hostNamesForNamespacedName(namespacedName) {var endpoints []*model.IstioEndpointif forgottenEndpointsByHost != nil {endpoints = forgottenEndpointsByHost[hostName]} else {// 将endpoint转换成istio endpointendpoints = epc.buildIstioEndpoints(ep, hostName)}if features.EnableK8SServiceSelectWorkloadEntries {svc := c.GetService(hostName)if svc != nil {fep := c.collectWorkloadInstanceEndpoints(svc)endpoints = append(endpoints, fep...)} else {log.Debugf("Handle EDS endpoint: skip collecting workload entry endpoints, service %s/%s has not been populated",namespacedName.Namespace, namespacedName.Name)}}// 调用EDSUpdatec.opts.XDSUpdater.EDSUpdate(shard, string(hostName), namespacedName.Namespace, endpoints)}
}

最后调用XDSUpdater.EDSUpdate()进行EDS的缓存更新及触发xDS更新，代码如下：

// pilot/pkg/xds/eds.go
func (s *DiscoveryServer) EDSUpdate(shard model.ShardKey, serviceName string, namespace string,istioEndpoints []*model.IstioEndpoint,
) {inboundEDSUpdates.Increment()// Update the endpoint shards// 更新eds缓存pushType := s.edsCacheUpdate(shard, serviceName, namespace, istioEndpoints)// 触发xds更新if pushType == IncrementalPush || pushType == FullPush {// Trigger a pushs.ConfigUpdate(&model.PushRequest{Full:           pushType == FullPush,ConfigsUpdated: sets.New(model.ConfigKey{Kind: kind.ServiceEntry, Name: serviceName, Namespace: namespace}),Reason:         []model.TriggerReason{model.EndpointUpdate},})}
}func (s *DiscoveryServer) edsCacheUpdate(shard model.ShardKey, hostname string, namespace string,istioEndpoints []*model.IstioEndpoint,
) PushType {if len(istioEndpoints) == 0 {// Should delete the service EndpointShards when endpoints become zero to prevent memory leak,// but we should not delete the keys from EndpointIndex map - that will trigger// unnecessary full push which can become a real problem if a pod is in crashloop and thus endpoints// flip flopping between 1 and 0.// 在endpoint变为0时,应该删除服务的endpointIndex,但是不能删除endpointIndex map中的键值,// 因为假如这时pod状态在crash loop和ready之间跳变,就会引起不必要、频繁的xds全量更新s.Env.EndpointIndex.DeleteServiceShard(shard, hostname, namespace, true)log.Infof("Incremental push, service %s at shard %v has no endpoints", hostname, shard)return IncrementalPush}pushType := IncrementalPush// Find endpoint shard for this service, if it is available - otherwise create a new one.// 找到服务的endpointShard,如果不存在,则创建一个新的ep, created := s.Env.EndpointIndex.GetOrCreateEndpointShard(hostname, namespace)// If we create a new endpoint shard, that means we have not seen the service earlier. We should do a full push.// 如果创建了endpointShard,则需要触发xds全量更新if created {log.Infof("Full push, new service %s/%s", namespace, hostname)pushType = FullPush}ep.Lock()defer ep.Unlock()newIstioEndpoints := istioEndpoints// 支持发送unhealthy endpointsif features.SendUnhealthyEndpoints.Load() {oldIstioEndpoints := ep.Shards[shard]newIstioEndpoints = make([]*model.IstioEndpoint, 0, len(istioEndpoints))// Check if new Endpoints are ready to be pushed. This check// will ensure that if a new pod comes with a non ready endpoint,// we do not unnecessarily push that config to Envoy.// Please note that address is not a unique key. So this may not accurately// identify based on health status and push too many times - which is ok since its an optimization.emap := make(map[string]*model.IstioEndpoint, len(oldIstioEndpoints))nmap := make(map[string]*model.IstioEndpoint, len(newIstioEndpoints))// Add new endpoints only if they are ever ready once to shards// so that full push does not send them from shards.for _, oie := range oldIstioEndpoints {emap[oie.Address] = oie}for _, nie := range istioEndpoints {nmap[nie.Address] = nie}needPush := falsefor _, nie := range istioEndpoints {if oie, exists := emap[nie.Address]; exists {// If endpoint exists already, we should push if it's health status changes.// 如果endpoint存在,判断其健康状态是否发生了变化,仅在发生变化时才需要进行xds推送if oie.HealthStatus != nie.HealthStatus {needPush = true}newIstioEndpoints = append(newIstioEndpoints, nie)} else if nie.HealthStatus == model.Healthy {// If the endpoint does not exist in shards that means it is a// new endpoint. Only send if it is healthy to avoid pushing endpoints// that are not ready to start with.// 如果endpoint原来不存在,仅当其健康时进行xds推送needPush = truenewIstioEndpoints = append(newIstioEndpoints, nie)}}// Next, check for endpoints that were in old but no longer exist. If there are any, there is a// removal so we need to push an update.// 如果检查到endpoint原来存在,但是现在被删除了,则这时也需要进行xds推送for _, oie := range oldIstioEndpoints {if _, f := nmap[oie.Address]; !f {needPush = true}}if pushType != FullPush && !needPush {log.Debugf("No push, either old endpoint health status did not change or new endpoint came with unhealthy status, %v", hostname)pushType = NoPush}}ep.Shards[shard] = newIstioEndpoints// Check if ServiceAccounts have changed. We should do a full push if they have changed.// 检查serviceAccount的变化saUpdated := s.UpdateServiceAccount(ep, hostname)// For existing endpoints, we need to do full push if service accounts change.if saUpdated && pushType != FullPush {// Avoid extra logging if already a full pushlog.Infof("Full push, service accounts changed, %v", hostname)pushType = FullPush}// Clear the cache here. While it would likely be cleared later when we trigger a push, a race// condition is introduced where an XDS response may be generated before the update, but not// completed until after a response after the update. Essentially, we transition from v0 -> v1 ->// v0 -> invalidate -> v1. Reverting a change we pushed violates our contract of monotonically// moving forward in version. In practice, this is pretty rare and self corrects nearly// immediately. However, clearing the cache here has almost no impact on cache performance as we// would clear it shortly after anyways.// 清空xdsCaches.Cache.Clear(sets.New(model.ConfigKey{Kind: kind.ServiceEntry, Name: hostname, Namespace: namespace}))return pushType
}

Endpoint事件处理器根据Endpoint的变化更新与服务相关的缓存，判断本次Endpoint资源的更新是否需要触发全量的xDS更新。在服务网各种变化最多、最快的往往是Endpoint，因为增量EDS的更新能够大大降低系统的资源（CPU、内存、带宽）开销，提升服务网格的稳定性

参考：

《Istio权威指南 下》

2.深入Istio源码：Pilot服务发现