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目录
1 问题描述
2 解决过程
2.1 查看内核日志
2.2 新建一个交换分区
2.3 指定交换分区的位置
1 问题描述
CPU：G6900E
OS：ubuntu22.04
Kernel：6.8.0-49-generic
使用“echo disk > /sys/power/state”命令进入 S4，但是无法进入， 操作如下所示。
root@jw-Windows-cpmpact-G6900E:/home/jw# echo disk > /sys/power/state
bash: echo: 写入错误：没有那个设备
root@jw-Windows-cpmpact-G6900E:/home/jw#2 解决过程
2.1 查看内核日志
进入 S4 失败后，使用“dmesg”命令查看内核日志，内核日志如下所示，其中重要的日志为“PM: Cannot find swap device, try swapon -a”，提示找不到 swap 设备。执行“swapon -a”命令无法解决问题。
[78840.042887] PM: hibernation: hibernation entry
[78840.055243] Filesystems sync: 0.006 seconds
[78840.055376] Freezing user space processes
[78840.057843] Freezing user space processes completed (elapsed 0.002 seconds)
[78840.057849] OOM killer disabled.
[78840.058011] PM: hibernation: Marking nosave pages: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
[78840.058017] PM: hibernation: Marking nosave pages: [mem 0x0009e000-0x0009efff]
[78840.058019] PM: hibernation: Marking nosave pages: [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff]
[78840.058024] PM: hibernation: Marking nosave pages: [mem 0x6e5f2000-0x6e5f2fff]
[78840.058027] PM: hibernation: Marking nosave pages: [mem 0x71a6c000-0x75ffefff]
[78840.058535] PM: hibernation: Marking nosave pages: [mem 0x76000000-0xffffffff]
[78840.066112] PM: hibernation: Basic memory bitmaps created
[78840.066427] PM: hibernation: Preallocating image memory
[78840.504280] PM: hibernation: Allocated 775548 pages for snapshot
[78840.504283] PM: hibernation: Allocated 3102192 kbytes in 0.43 seconds (7214.40 MB/s)
[78840.504286] Freezing remaining freezable tasks
[78840.505560] Freezing remaining freezable tasks completed (elapsed 0.001 seconds)
[78840.523683] printk: Suspending console(s) (use no_console_suspend to debug)
[78840.524511] serial 00:01: disabled
[78840.543352] ata7.00: Entering standby power mode
[78840.681487] ACPI: PM: Preparing to enter system sleep state S4
[78840.683132] ACPI: PM: Saving platform NVS memory
[78840.683886] Disabling non-boot CPUs ...
[78840.685459] smpboot: CPU 1 is now offline
[78840.688214] PM: hibernation: Creating image:
[78840.814946] PM: hibernation: Need to copy 767085 pages
[78840.814948] PM: hibernation: Normal pages needed: 767085 + 1024, available pages: 1269914
[78841.313751] PM: hibernation: Image created (676706 pages copied, 90379 zero pages)
[78840.688625] ACPI: PM: Restoring platform NVS memory
[78840.689477] Enabling non-boot CPUs ...
[78840.689502] smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 1 APIC 0x2
[78840.690614] CPU1 is up
[78840.691569] ACPI: PM: Waking up from system sleep state S4
[78840.722662] serial 00:01: activated
[78840.732302] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GuC firmware i915/tgl_guc_70.bin version 70.20.0
[78840.732310] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: HuC firmware i915/tgl_huc.bin version 7.9.3
[78840.740852] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: HuC: authenticated for all workloads
[78840.740859] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GUC: submission disabled
[78840.740862] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GUC: SLPC disabled
[78840.758499] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WRT: Invalid buffer destination
[78840.853462] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_UMAC_PD_NOTIFICATION: 0x20
[78840.853500] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_LMAC2_PD_NOTIFICATION: 0x1f
[78840.853510] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_AUTH_KEY_0: 0x90
[78840.853521] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: CNVI_SCU_SEQ_DATA_DW9: 0x10
[78840.854622] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: RFIm is deactivated, reason = 5
[78840.930832] r8168 0000:01:00.0 enp1s0: Device reseting!
[78840.942417] workqueue: rtl8168_reset_task [r8168] hogged CPU for >10000us 4 times, consider switching to WQ_UNBOUND
[78840.956487] PM: Cannot find swap device, try swapon -a
[78840.956490] PM: Cannot get swap writer
[78840.958898] r8152 2-2.1:1.0 enx00e04c600172: carrier on
[78841.016028] PM: hibernation: Basic memory bitmaps freed
[78841.016097] mei_hdcp 0000:00:16.0-b638ab7e-94e2-4ea2-a552-d1c54b627f04: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_hdcp_ops [i915])
[78841.016249] OOM killer enabled.
[78841.016251] Restarting tasks ...
[78841.017162] mei_pxp 0000:00:16.0-fbf6fcf1-96cf-4e2e-a6a6-1bab8cbe36b1: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_pxp_tee_component_ops [i915])
[78841.017840] done.
[78841.018337] PM: hibernation: hibernation exit
[78841.086574] ata6: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[78841.086632] ata8: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[78841.086686] ata5: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[78841.086716] ata7: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[78841.088885] ata7.00: configured for UDMA/133
[78841.098998] ahci 0000:00:17.0: port does not support device sleep使用“swapon --show”命令查看交换分区，显示有/swapfile，但是其类型为 file 而不是partition。
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$ swapon --show
NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/swapfile file 2G 0B -2使用“lsblk”命令查看不到交换分区。
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 73.9M 1 loop /snap/core22/1722
loop1 7:1 0 74.2M 1 loop /snap/core22/1122
loop2 7:2 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop3 7:3 0 266.6M 1 loop /snap/firefox/3836
loop4 7:4 0 497M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/141
loop5 7:5 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop6 7:6 0 12.2M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/1216
loop7 7:7 0 12.3M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/959
loop8 7:8 0 40.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/20671
loop9 7:9 0 44.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/23545
loop10 7:10 0 568K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/253
loop11 7:11 0 452K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/83
sda 8:0 0 119.2G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2 8:2 0 118.7G 0 part /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell/
nbd0 43:0 0 0B 0 disk
nbd1 43:32 0 0B 0 disk
nbd2 43:64 0 0B 0 disk
nbd3 43:96 0 0B 0 disk
nbd4 43:128 0 0B 0 disk
nbd5 43:160 0 0B 0 disk
nbd6 43:192 0 0B 0 disk
nbd7 43:224 0 0B 0 disk
zram0 252:0 0 0B 0 disk
nbd8 43:256 0 0B 0 disk
nbd9 43:288 0 0B 0 disk
nbd10 43:320 0 0B 0 disk
nbd11 43:352 0 0B 0 disk
nbd12 43:384 0 0B 0 disk
nbd13 43:416 0 0B 0 disk
nbd14 43:448 0 0B 0 disk
nbd15 43:480 0 0B 0 disk
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$ 2.2 新建一个交换分区
在安装系统时手动分区，新建一个交换分区。操作过程如下所示。
点击“中文（简体）”，然后点击“安装 Ubuntu”。
点击“继续”。
选择以下内容，然后点击“继续”。
选择“其选项”，然后点击“继续”。
如果原始硬盘有其他分区，请先删除分区，只剩一块空闲区域，如下所示。
保留BIOS启动分区，这个是必须的，但是只要求大于1M就行，我给32M，使用的主分区。
EFI系统分区，这个也是必须的，也不用太大，给512M就行，逻辑分区。
交换空间，系统进入 S4 必须要有的分区，如果内存低的话（1-4G），建议为物理内存的两倍；>4G的话，要么等于物理内存，要么物理内存+2g左右，我这里直接给 16G。
/boot分区，/boot分区在挂载点选项中，这个也是必须的，存放的是linux内核和启动引导文件。给2G，逻辑分区。
安装系统的分区，这个分区的大小就看情况而定了，如果装的软件多就大点。当然安装软件的目录也可以单独分区，我这里把剩余的储存都分到这个区域。需要注意：这是系统，必须主分区！
点击“继续”。
点击“继续”。
填写信息和密码，点击“继续”。
等待安装成功。安装成功后，使用“swapon --show”命令查看交换分区，可以看到有/dev/sda3 交换分区，而且类型为partition。
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$ swapon --show
NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/dev/sda3 partition 15.3G 0B -2
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$使用“lsblk”命令查看能查看到 sda3 后面有 SWAP 的标志。
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop1 7:1 0 74.2M 1 loop /snap/core22/1122
loop2 7:2 0 266.6M 1 loop /snap/firefox/3836
loop3 7:3 0 497M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/141
loop4 7:4 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop5 7:5 0 12.3M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/959
loop6 7:6 0 40.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/20671
loop7 7:7 0 452K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/83
sda 8:0 0 119.2G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 30M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 488M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda3 8:3 0 15.3G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 1.9G 0 part /boot
└─sda5 8:5 0 101.6G 0 part /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell/
jw@jw-EloPOS-Compact-G6900E:~$创建了 swap 分区，使用“echo disk > /sys/power/state ”命令不会报错，机器能关机，但是开机不保存原先的状态，抓取的 log 如下，可以看到数据保存到硬盘已成功，可能是机器开机时没有选择交换分区启动。
[ 210.103344] PM: hibernation: hibernation entry
[ 210.133849] Filesystems sync: 0.024 seconds
[ 210.138185] Freezing user space processes
[ 210.143904] Freezing user space processes completed (elapsed 0.001 seconds)
[ 210.150955] OOM killer disabled.
[ 210.157486] PM: hibernation: Preallocating image memory
[ 210.518218] PM: hibernation: Allocated 580388 pages for snapshot
[ 210.524249] PM: hibernation: Allocated 2321552 kbytes in 0.35 seconds (6633.00 MB/s)
[ 210.532007] Freezing remaining freezable tasks
[ 210.537855] Freezing remaining freezable tasks completed (elapsed 0.001 seconds)
[ 210.568530] printk: Suspending console(s) (use no_console_suspend to debug)
[ 210.576335] serial 00:01: disabled
[ 210.606020] ata7.00: Entering standby power mode
[ 210.730940] ACPI: PM: Preparing to enter system sleep state S4
[ 210.732493] ACPI: PM: Saving platform NVS memory
[ 210.732954] Disabling non-boot CPUs ...
[ 210.734379] smpboot: CPU 1 is now offline
[ 210.736561] PM: hibernation: Creating image:
[ 210.870463] PM: hibernation: Need to copy 562217 pages
[ 211.277005] PM: hibernation: Image created (491079 pages copied, 71138 zero pages)
[ 210.736972] ACPI: PM: Restoring platform NVS memory
[ 210.737810] Enabling non-boot CPUs ...
[ 210.737837] smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 1 APIC 0x2
[ 210.738941] CPU1 is up
[ 210.739870] ACPI: PM: Waking up from system sleep state S4
[ 210.767977] serial 00:01: activated
[ 210.773038] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GuC firmware i915/tgl_guc_70.bin version 70.5.1
[ 210.773044] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: HuC firmware i915/tgl_huc.bin version 7.9.3
[ 210.781314] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: HuC: authenticated for all workloads
[ 210.781321] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GUC: submission disabled
[ 210.781324] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GUC: SLPC disabled
[ 210.832422] r8168 0000:01:00.0 enp1s0: Device reseting!
[ 210.996902] r8152 2-2.1:1.0 enx00e04c600172: carrier on
[ 211.084300] mei_hdcp 0000:00:16.0-b638ab7e-94e2-4ea2-a552-d1c54b627f04: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_hdcp_ops [i915])
[ 211.096035] mei_pxp 0000:00:16.0-fbf6fcf1-96cf-4e2e-a6a6-1bab8cbe36b1: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_pxp_tee_component_ops [i915])
[ 211.128635] ata5: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[ 211.134110] ata7: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[ 211.140355] ata8: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[ 211.145821] ata6: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[ 211.152203] ata7.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 211.166603] ahci 0000:00:17.0: port does not support device sleep
[ 211.173155] PM: Using 1 thread(s) for compression
[ 211.177885] PM: Compressing and saving image data (492178 pages)...
[ 211.184168] PM: Image saving progress: 0%
[ 211.538023] PM: Image saving progress: 10%
[ 212.009899] PM: Image saving progress: 20%
[ 212.514721] PM: Image saving progress: 30%
[ 213.004586] PM: Image saving progress: 40%
[ 213.467357] PM: Image saving progress: 50%
[ 213.935768] PM: Image saving progress: 60%
[ 214.348204] PM: Image saving progress: 70%
[ 214.754283] PM: Image saving progress: 80%
[ 215.206220] PM: Image saving progress: 90%
[ 215.564862] PM: Image saving progress: 100%
[ 215.569214] PM: Image saving done
[ 215.572551] PM: hibernation: Wrote 1968712 kbytes in 4.38 seconds (449.47 MB/s)
[ 215.579920] PM: S|
[ 215.630665] printk: Suspending console(s) (use no_console_suspend to debug)2.3 指定交换分区的位置
将“/etc/default/grub”文件的“GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"”改成“GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3"”，指定交换分区的位置为“/dev/sda3”，然后执行“update-grub”命令并重启，即可解决问题。
--- a/etc/default/grub
+++ b/etc/default/grub
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 6.8.0-3-generic"GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hiddenGRUB_TIMEOUT=0GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
-GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
+GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs