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企业3合1网站建设价格,网络营销模式有哪些,明年做啥网站能致富,网站开发好学不文章目录前言拖拽API核心概念拖拽式使用流程例子注意事项综合例子🌰 可拖拽课程表拖拽排序前言前端拖拽功能让网页元素可以通过鼠标或触摸操作移动。HTML5 提供了标准的拖拽API，简化了拖放操作的实现。以下是拖拽API的基本使用指南： 拖拽…

文章目录

- - 前言
  - 拖拽API核心概念
  - 拖拽式使用流程
  - 例子
  - 注意事项
  - 综合例子🌰 可拖拽课程表
  - 拖拽排序

前言

前端拖拽功能让网页元素可以通过鼠标或触摸操作移动。HTML5 提供了标准的拖拽API，简化了拖放操作的实现。以下是拖拽API的基本使用指南：

拖拽API核心概念

draggable属性：设置元素的draggable="true"属性，允许用户拖动该元素。

    <div draggable="true">可拖动元素</div>

dragstart事件：拖动开始时触发，可以设置拖动数据。

    const draggableElement = document.querySelector('div');draggableElement.addEventListener('dragstart', (event) => {event.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', '拖动数据');});

dragover事件：拖动元素在目标区域上方时触发，需要调用event.preventDefault()以允许放置。

    const dropZone = document.querySelector('#dropZone');dropZone.addEventListener('dragover', (event) => {event.preventDefault(); // 允许放置});

drop事件：拖动元素放置到目标区域时触发，可以获取拖动数据。

    dropZone.addEventListener('drop', (event) => {event.preventDefault();const data = event.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');console.log('放置的数据:', data);});

dragend事件：拖动操作结束时触发，用于清理拖动状态或重置样式。

draggableElement.addEventListener('dragend', () => {draggableElement.style.backgroundColor = ''; // 重置样式});

拖拽式使用流程

设置可拖拽元素：在HTML中为元素添加draggable="true"属性。
处理拖拽开始事件：在dragstart事件中设置拖拽数据。
设置目标区域：通过dragover事件处理，允许放置操作。
处理放置事件：在drop事件中获取数据并处理放置逻辑。
清理拖拽操作：在dragend事件中清理元素样式或状态。

例子

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>拖拽示例</title><style>#dragElement {width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: skyblue; cursor: move; text-align: center; line-height: 100px;}#dropZone {width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 2px dashed #aaa; margin-top: 50px; text-align: center; line-height: 300px; color: #888;}</style></head><body><div id="dragElement" draggable="true">拖我</div><div id="dropZone">在这里放置</div><script>const dragElement = document.getElementById('dragElement');const dropZone = document.getElementById('dropZone');dragElement.addEventListener('dragstart', (event) => {console.log('拖拽开始');event.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', 'Hello, 拖拽');event.target.style.backgroundColor = 'orange';});dropZone.addEventListener('dragover', (event) => {console.log('拖拽进入');event.preventDefault();});dropZone.addEventListener('drop', (event) => {console.log('拖拽放下');event.preventDefault();const data = event.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');dropZone.innerHTML = `放置了：${data}`;});dragElement.addEventListener('dragend', (event) => {console.log('拖拽结束');event.target.style.backgroundColor = 'skyblue';});</script></body></html>

注意事项

兼容性：大多数现代浏览器支持HTML5拖拽API，但老旧浏览器如IE8及以下不支持。
样式：可以通过设置样式增强用户体验，如改变光标或透明度。
文件拖放：HTML5还支持拖拽文件到浏览器特定区域，可以通过event.dataTransfer.files获取文件数据。

综合例子🌰 可拖拽课程表

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>可拖拽课程表</title><style>body {margin: 0;padding: 20px;}.schedule-container {display: flex;gap: 20px;max-width: 1400px;margin: 0 auto;}.schedule-table {flex: 1;display: grid;grid-template-columns: 100px repeat(7, 1fr);gap: 2px;background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #ddd;height: fit-content;}.time-column {background-color: #f8f9fa;padding: 10px;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;}.header-row {background-color: #f8f9fa;padding: 10px;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;}.course-list {width: 250px;padding: 15px;border: 1px solid #ddd;background-color: #f8f9fa;border-radius: 8px;height: fit-content;}.course-list h3 {margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 15px;color: #333;}#available-courses {display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 10px;}</style></head><body><div class="schedule-container"><div class="schedule-table"><!-- 表头 --><div class="header-row">时间</div><div class="header-row">周一</div><div class="header-row">周二</div><div class="header-row">周三</div><div class="header-row">周四</div><div class="header-row">周五</div><div class="header-row">周六</div><div class="header-row">周日</div></div><!-- 课程列表 --><div class="course-list"><h3>可选课程</h3><div id="available-courses"><!-- 这里会通过JavaScript动态生成可拖拽的课程 --></div></div></div><script src="tuozuaiApi.js"></script></body></html>

//tuozhaiApi.js
// 课程表拖拽功能实现const DragSchedule = {init() {this.scheduleTable = document.querySelector('.schedule-table');this.availableCourses = document.getElementById('available-courses');this.createTimeSlots();this.createSampleCourses();this.cells = document.querySelectorAll('.schedule-cell');this.courses = document.querySelectorAll('.course-item');this.bindEvents();this.loadScheduleState();},createTimeSlots() {// 创建时间段（第一节课从8:00开始）const times = ['8:00-8:45', '8:55-9:40', '9:50-10:35', '10:45-11:30','13:30-14:15', '14:25-15:10', '15:20-16:05', '16:15-17:00'];times.forEach((time, index) => {// 添加时间列const timeCell = document.createElement('div');timeCell.className = 'time-column';timeCell.textContent = `第${index + 1}节\n${time}`;this.scheduleTable.appendChild(timeCell);// 添加每一天的课程格子for (let day = 0; day < 7; day++) {const cell = document.createElement('div');cell.className = 'schedule-cell';cell.setAttribute('data-time', index);cell.setAttribute('data-day', day);this.scheduleTable.appendChild(cell);}});},createSampleCourses() {const sampleCourses = [{ id: 1, name: '高等数学', color: '#ff9999' },{ id: 2, name: '大学英语', color: '#99ff99' },{ id: 3, name: '程序设计', color: '#9999ff' },{ id: 4, name: '物理实验', color: '#ffff99' },{ id: 5, name: '体育课', color: '#ff99ff' }];sampleCourses.forEach(course => {const courseElement = document.createElement('div');courseElement.className = 'course-item';courseElement.setAttribute('data-course-id', course.id);courseElement.setAttribute('draggable', true); // 添加draggable属性courseElement.textContent = course.name;courseElement.style.backgroundColor = course.color;this.availableCourses.appendChild(courseElement);});},bindEvents() {// 为每个课程添加拖拽事件this.courses.forEach(course => {course.ondragstart = (e) => {e.target.classList.add('dragging');e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.getAttribute('data-course-id'));};course.ondragend = (e) => {e.target.classList.remove('dragging');};});// 为每个单元格添加放置事件this.cells.forEach(cell => {cell.ondragover = (e) => {e.preventDefault();e.currentTarget.classList.add('drag-over');};cell.ondragleave = (e) => {e.currentTarget.classList.remove('drag-over');};cell.ondrop = this.handleDrop.bind(this);});},saveScheduleState() {const scheduleState = {};this.cells.forEach((cell, index) => {const courseElement = cell.querySelector('.course-item');if (courseElement) {scheduleState[index] = courseElement.getAttribute('data-course-id');}});localStorage.setItem('scheduleState', JSON.stringify(scheduleState));},loadScheduleState() {const savedState = localStorage.getItem('scheduleState');if (savedState) {const scheduleState = JSON.parse(savedState);Object.entries(scheduleState).forEach(([cellIndex, courseId]) => {const cell = this.cells[cellIndex];const courseElement = document.querySelector(`[data-course-id="${courseId}"]`);if (cell && courseElement) {const newCourse = courseElement.cloneNode(true);newCourse.setAttribute('draggable', true);newCourse.ondragstart = (e) => {e.target.classList.add('dragging');e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.getAttribute('data-course-id'));};newCourse.ondragend = (e) => {e.target.classList.remove('dragging');};cell.appendChild(newCourse);}});}},handleDrop(e) {e.preventDefault();const cell = e.currentTarget;cell.classList.remove('drag-over');const courseId = e.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');const courseElement = document.querySelector(`[data-course-id="${courseId}"]`);// 如果课程已经在其他单元格中，创建一个副本const newCourse = courseElement.cloneNode(true);newCourse.setAttribute('draggable', true);newCourse.ondragstart = (e) => {e.target.classList.add('dragging');e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.getAttribute('data-course-id'));};newCourse.ondragend = (e) => {e.target.classList.remove('dragging');};// 检查单元格是否已有课程if (cell.querySelector('.course-item')) {const existingCourse = cell.querySelector('.course-item');cell.removeChild(existingCourse);}cell.appendChild(newCourse);// 保存课程表状态this.saveScheduleState();}};// 添加更多样式const style = document.createElement('style');style.textContent = `.schedule-cell {min-height: 80px;border: 1px solid #ddd;padding: 8px;background-color: #fff;}.course-item {padding: 8px;margin: 4px;border-radius: 4px;cursor: move;color: #fff;text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.dragging {opacity: 0.5;}.drag-over {background-color: #e9ecef;}.time-column {white-space: pre-line;font-size: 12px;}`;document.head.appendChild(style);// 初始化拖拽功能document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {DragSchedule.init();});

拖拽排序

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>拖拽排序示例</title><style>.sortable-list {width: 300px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 0;}.sortable-item {list-style: none;background-color: #f0f0f0;margin: 5px 0;padding: 10px 15px;border-radius: 4px;cursor: move;transition: background-color 0.3s;}.sortable-item.dragging {opacity: 0.5;background-color: #e0e0e0;}.sortable-item:hover {background-color: #e8e8e8;}</style></head><body><ul class="sortable-list"><li class="sortable-item" draggable="true">项目 1</li><li class="sortable-item" draggable="true">项目 2</li><li class="sortable-item" draggable="true">项目 3</li><li class="sortable-item" draggable="true">项目 4</li><li class="sortable-item" draggable="true">项目 5</li></ul><script>const sortableList = document.querySelector('.sortable-list');let draggingItem = null;// 为每个列表项添加拖拽事件监听器document.querySelectorAll('.sortable-item').forEach(item => {item.addEventListener('dragstart', handleDragStart);item.addEventListener('dragend', handleDragEnd);item.addEventListener('dragover', handleDragOver);item.addEventListener('drop', handleDrop);});function handleDragStart(e) {draggingItem = this;this.classList.add('dragging');// 设置拖拽效果e.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'move';e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', ''); // 必须调用setData才能在Firefox中触发drop}function handleDragEnd(e) {this.classList.remove('dragging');draggingItem = null;}function handleDragOver(e) {e.preventDefault();if (this === draggingItem) return;// 获取鼠标位置相对于当前项的位置const rect = this.getBoundingClientRect();const midY = rect.top + rect.height / 2;if (e.clientY < midY) {// 如果鼠标在元素上半部分，就插入到当前元素之前sortableList.insertBefore(draggingItem, this);} else {// 如果鼠标在元素下半部分，就插入到当前元素之后sortableList.insertBefore(draggingItem, this.nextSibling);}}function handleDrop(e) {e.preventDefault();}</script></body></html>