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MATLAB R2023b配置Fortran编译器
- 引言
- 1. 安装Visual Studio 2019
- 2. 安装Intel API2024
- 3. 配置xml文件文件
- 4. 设置环境变量
- 5. MATLAB编译Fortran
引言
当我们需要用到MATLAB编译Fortran代码后进行调用计算时，整个配置流程较繁琐。下面以MATLAB R2023b为例，介绍配置Fortran编译器的流程以及中间可能遇到的问题。
我的版本：
MATLAB R2023b：”https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KclU24GCUQj70j1s_cqE2g“
Visual Studio 2019：”https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Pc5U7lBrhUq06MYj6hSJWw“，（或：”https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/visualstudio/releases/2019/release-notes”）
w_BaseKit_p_2024.2.1.101_offline.exe：”https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit-download.html“
w_BaseKit_p_2024.2.1.101_offline.exe：”https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/hpc-toolkit-download.html“
1. 安装Visual Studio 2019
我尝试了使用Visual Studio 2022进行配置，但是出现了在MATLAB中使用MEX -setup命令，能够正常显示编译器，但是在使用MEX编译Fortran代码时出现了“错误使用 mex ‘ifx’ 不是内部或外部命令,也不是可运行的程序 或批处理文件”的提示，具体原因可能是”G:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\compiler\2024.2\bin“文件夹中的ifx.exe不能识别，未找到解决办法。因此就选择卸载VS2022，重新安装VS2019。
VS2019安装包在如下链接可以下载：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Pc5U7lBrhUq06MYj6hSJWw
但是在下载的过程中又出现了下载速度贼慢的问题。后来按照网上检索的一个修改hosts的办法，亲测有效，如果没有遇到这个问题可直接跳过，进行第2步。
1.使用DNS查找工具网站”https://tool.chinaz.com/dns/?type=1&host=download.visualstudio.microsoft.com&ip=“，查询微软的下载网站的域名 download.visualstudio.microsoft.com 找到TTL最低的那个节点。
2.找到TTL值最小的那个节点，复制IP地址,在我这里对应的最小IP就是 103.208.44.30。如下所示：
3.以记事本形式，打开”C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc“文件夹下的hosts文件，在hosts里加入 IP地址+微软的下载网站的域名
这里可能需要另存后，再复制粘贴进这个文件夹里。
3.打开cmd，刷新dns，然后在ping一下微软的下载地址，查看hosts文件有没有生效。具体步骤如下：
（1）在cmd中输入ipconfig /flushdns 刷新dns
（2）ping微软的下载地址，在cmd中输入：
ping download.visualstudio.microsoft.com
（3）若没有丢包，且往返时间很小，则说明我们的hosts文件生效。
经过上述操作，VS2019的下载速度会非常快。
安装流程完全按照”https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Pc5U7lBrhUq06MYj6hSJWw“所提供的步骤来就行了。
2. 安装Intel API2024
- 先安装the Intel® oneAPI Base Toolkit：”https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit-download.html“
- 再安装the Intel® HPC Toolkit：”https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/hpc-toolkit-download.html“
- 安装步骤很简单，修改安装路径，其他默认即可。
- 最后打开Visual Studio 2019，看到Fortran一项即说明安装配置成果。
3. 配置xml文件文件
然后，需要添加intel_fortran_24_vs2019.xml文件。由于我用的是Intel API2024+visual studio 2019，所以在我的MATLAB安装路径”G:\MATLAB R2023b\bin\win64\mexopts“下需要有intel_fortran_24_vs2019.xml文件，这个文件matlab2023b是没有的。可将下面代码复制粘贴到记事本，再重命名为”intel_fortran_24_vs2019.xml“即可：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<configName="Intel oneAPI 2024 for Fortran with Microsoft Visual Studio 2019"ShortName="INTELF24MSVS2019"Manufacturer="Intel"Version="24.0"Language="FORTRAN"Priority="X"Location="$FORTRANROOT" ><DetailsCompilerExecutable="$COMPILER"CompilerDefines="$COMPDEFINES"CompilerFlags="$COMPFLAGS"OptimizationFlags="$OPTIMFLAGS"DebugFlags="$DEBUGFLAGS"IncludeFlags="$INCLUDE"LinkerExecutable="$LINKER"LinkerFlags="$LINKFLAGS"LinkerLibraries="$LINKLIBS"LinkerDebugFlags="$LINKDEBUGFLAGS"LinkerOptimizationFlags="$LINKOPTIMFLAGS"CommandLineShell="$FORTRANROOT\env\vars.bat "CommandLineShellArg="intel64"CompilerDefineFormatter="/D%s"LinkerLibrarySwitchFormatter="lib%s.lib;%s.lib"LinkerPathFormatter="/LIBPATH:%s"LibrarySearchPath="$$LIB;$$LIBPATH;$$PATH;$$INCLUDE;$MATLABROOT\extern\lib\$ARCH\microsoft"/><!-- Switch guide: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fwkeyyhe(v=vs.71).aspx --><varsCMDLINE100="$COMPILER /c $COMPFLAGS $OPTIM $SRC /Fo$OBJ"CMDLINE200="$LINKER $LINKFLAGS $LINKTYPE $LINKOPTIM $LINKEXPORTVER $OBJS $LINKLIBS /out:$EXE"CMDLINE300="del $EXP $LIB $ILK"
FORTRANROOT="$ONE_API_ROOT/compiler/$ONE_API_VERSION"
COMPILER="ifx.exe"
COMPFLAGS="/nologo /fpp /fixed /MD /fp:source /assume:bscc $INCLUDE $COMPDEFINES"
COMPDEFINES="/DMATLAB_MEX_FILE"
MATLABMEX=" /DMATLAB_MEX_FILE"
OPTIMFLAGS="/O2 /DNDEBUG"
INCLUDE="-I"$MATLABROOT\extern\include""
DEBUGFLAGS="/Z7"LINKER="link"
LINKFLAGS=" /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO"
LINKTYPE="/DLL"
LINKEXPORT="/EXPORT:MEXFUNCTION"
LINKEXPORTVER="/EXPORT:MEXFUNCTION /EXPORT:MEXFILEREQUIREDAPIVERSION"
LINKLIBS="/LIBPATH:"$MATLABROOT\extern\lib\$ARCH\microsoft" libmx.lib libmex.lib libmat.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib"
LINKDEBUGFLAGS="/debug /PDB:"$TEMPNAME$LDEXT.pdb""
LINKOPTIMFLAGS=""OBJEXT=".obj"
LDEXT=".mexw64"
SETENV="set COMPILER=$COMPILERset COMPFLAGS=/c $COMPFLAGS $COMPDEFINES $MATLABMEXset OPTIMFLAGS=$OPTIMFLAGSset DEBUGFLAGS=$DEBUGFLAGSset LINKER=$LINKERset LINKFLAGS=$LINKFLAGS /export:%ENTRYPOINT% $LINKTYPE $LINKLIBS $LINKEXPORTset LINKDEBUGFLAGS=/debug /PDB:"%OUTDIR%%MEX_NAME%$LDEXT.pdb"set NAME_OUTPUT=/out:"%OUTDIR%%MEX_NAME%%MEX_EXT%""
/><client><engineCMDLINE300="if exist $ILK del $ILK"LINKLIBS="$LINKLIBS libeng.lib"LINKEXPORT="/subsystem:console"LINKEXPORTVER="/subsystem:console"LDEXT=".exe"LINKTYPE=""MATLABMEX=""/></client><locationFinder><ONE_API_ROOT><envVarExists name="ONEAPI_ROOT" /></ONE_API_ROOT><ONE_API_VERSION><and><envVarExists name="ONEAPI_ROOT" /><cmdReturns name ="echo off & (for /f %a IN ('dir "$$\compiler\2024*" /b /ad /on') do (@if exist "$$\compiler\%a\bin\ifx.exe" set "oneapiVer=%a")) & (@if defined oneapiVer call echo %oneapiVer%)"/></and></ONE_API_VERSION><VCROOT><or><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Enterprise -property installationPath -format value" /><cmdReturns name="set "vcroot=$$"&for /f "delims= " %a in ('type "$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"') do @if exist "$$\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe" call echo %vcroot%" /></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Professional -property installationPath -format value" /><cmdReturns name="set "vcroot=$$"&for /f "delims= " %a in ('type "$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"') do @if exist "$$\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe" call echo %vcroot%" /></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Community -property installationPath -format value" /><cmdReturns name="set "vcroot=$$"&for /f "delims= " %a in ('type "$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"') do @if exist "$$\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe" call echo %vcroot%" /></and></or></VCROOT><SDKROOT><or><hklmExists path="SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0" name="InstallationFolder" /><hkcuExists path="SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0" name="InstallationFolder" /><hklmExists path="SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0" name="InstallationFolder" /><hkcuExists path="SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0" name="InstallationFolder" /></or></SDKROOT><VSINSTALLDIR><or><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Enterprise -property installationPath -format value" /></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Professional -property installationPath -format value" /></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Community -property installationPath -format value" /></and></or></VSINSTALLDIR><VCINSTALLDIR><or><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Enterprise -property installationPath -format value" /><cmdReturns name="set "vcroot=$$"&for /f "delims= " %a in ('type "$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"') do @if exist "$$\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe" call echo %vcroot%\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a" /></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Professional -property installationPath -format value" /><cmdReturns name="set "vcroot=$$"&for /f "delims= " %a in ('type "$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"') do @if exist "$$\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe" call echo %vcroot%\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a" /></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Community -property installationPath -format value" /><cmdReturns name="set "vcroot=$$"&for /f "delims= " %a in ('type "$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt"') do @if exist "$$\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a\bin\HostX64\x64\cl.exe" call echo %vcroot%\VC\Tools\MSVC\%a" /></and></or></VCINSTALLDIR><VCVARSALLDIR><or><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Enterprise -property installationPath -format value" /><fileExists name="$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" /><dirExists name="$$"/></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Professional -property installationPath -format value" /><fileExists name="$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" /><dirExists name="$$"/></and><and><envVarExists name="ProgramFiles(x86)" /><fileExists name="$$\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" /><cmdReturns name=""$$\\vswhere.exe" -version "[16.0,17.0)" -products Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.Community -property installationPath -format value" /><fileExists name="$$\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" /><dirExists name="$$"/></and></or></VCVARSALLDIR><KITSROOT><or><hklmExists path="SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /><hkcuExists path="SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /><hklmExists path="SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /><hkcuExists path="SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /></or></KITSROOT><SDKVERSION><and><or><hklmExists path="SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /><hkcuExists path="SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /><hklmExists path="SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /><hkcuExists path="SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Kits\Installed Roots" name="KitsRoot10" /></or><!-- For each folder inside '<KITSROOT>\include' check for 'ucrt' and if exists return that folder name --><cmdReturns name="echo off&set "sdkversion="&(for /f %a IN ('dir "$$\include\" /b /ad-h /on') do ( @if exist "$$\include\%a\ucrt\" set "sdkversion=%a" ))&call echo %sdkversion%" /></and></SDKVERSION></locationFinder><envPATH="$FORTRANROOT\bin;$VCINSTALLDIR\bin\HostX64\x64\;$VCROOT\Common7\IDE\VC\vcpackages;$VCROOT\Common7\IDE;$VCROOT\Common7\Tools;$SDKROOT\Bin\$SDKVERSION\x64;$SDKROOT\Bin\$SDKVERSION\x86;$SDKROOT\Bin\x64;$SDKROOT\Bin\x86;"INCLUDE="$FORTRANROOT\include;$VCINSTALLDIR\include;$VCINSTALLDIR\atlmfc\include;$KITSROOT\include\$SDKVERSION\ucrt;$KITSROOT\include\$SDKVERSION\shared;$KITSROOT\include\$SDKVERSION\um;$KITSROOT\include\$SDKVERSION\winrt;$MATLABROOT\extern\include"LIB="$FORTRANROOT\lib;$VCINSTALLDIR\lib\x64;$VCINSTALLDIR\atlmfc\lib\x64;$KITSROOT\Lib\$SDKVERSION\ucrt\x64;$KITSROOT\lib\$SDKVERSION\um\x64;$MATLABROOT\lib\$ARCH"LIBPATH="$FORTRANROOT\lib;$VCINSTALLDIR\lib\x64;$VCINSTALLDIR\atlmfc\lib\x64"/>
</config>
4. 设置环境变量
变量值是安装oneAPI地址
5. MATLAB编译Fortran
输入命令：mex -setup FORTRAN
输入编译的Fortran代码：mex ‘DC3D0wrapper.F’
在文件夹中生成了一个后缀”.mexw64“的文件，即表示编译成功！