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概述
通常我们用的比较多的分区工具是
fdisk
命令,但由于fdisk
只支持MBR分区,MBR分区表最大支撑2T的磁盘,所以无法划分大于2T的分区。而parted
工具可以划分单个分区大于2T的GPT格式的分区,也可以划分普通的MBR分区。
1.查看磁盘大小
因磁盘大小超过2T,用fdisk划分磁盘时,最多只划出2T的磁盘。所以,改用parted命令划分
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 5G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 442.1G 0 part ├─rootvg-root 253:0 0 100G 0 lvm /├─rootvg-swap 253:1 0 32G 0 lvm [SWAP]├─rootvg-bomc 253:2 0 130.1G 0 lvm /bomc├─rootvg-home 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /home└─rootvg-var 253:4 0 100G 0 lvm /var
sdb 8:16 0 80.1T 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
1.1parted常用命令及说明
check NUMBER 做一次简单的文件系统检测
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER 复制文件系统到另一个分区
help [COMMAND] 显示所有的命令帮助
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE 创建新的磁盘卷标(分区表)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE 在分区上建立文件系统
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END 创建一个分区
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END 创建分区,并建立文件系统
move NUMBER START END 移动分区
name NUMBER NAME 给分区命名
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] 显示分区表、活动设备、空闲空间、所有分区
quit 退出
rescue START END 修复丢失的分区
resize NUMBER START END 修改分区大小
rm NUMBER 删除分区
select DEVICE 选择需要编辑的设备
set NUMBER FLAG STATE 改变分区标记
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] 切换分区表的状态
unit UNIT 设置默认的单位
Version 显示版本
1.2 parted常用的选项
-h –help 显示此求助信息
-l –list 列出所有设别的分区信息
-i –interactive 在必要时,提示用户
-s –script 从不提示用户
-v -version 显示版本
2.划分磁盘
2.1 选择分区
# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
2.2 创建分区
# mklabel
New disk label type? gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted)
2.3 完成分区操作
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb1
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 0
End? 20%
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 34s % 5632s != 0s
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted)
(parted) print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb1
2.4 分区错误,删除分区
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb1
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 20%
End?
End? 30%
(parted) rm sdb1
Error: Expecting a partition number.
(parted) rm 1
(parted)
(parted) print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
2.5 验证分区
print出信息,看是否符合预期
# print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb1
2.6 再依次划分其他盘
# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb2
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 20%
End? 40%
(parted)
(parted) priint
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb12 17.6TB 35.2TB 17.6TB xfs sdb2# mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb3
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 40%
End? 60%
(parted)
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb4
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 60%
End? 80%
(parted)
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? sdb5
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 80%
End? 100%
(parted)
(parted) print
Model: ZTE LOGICAL VOLUME (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 88.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 17.6TB 17.6TB xfs sdb12 17.6TB 35.2TB 17.6TB xfs sdb23 35.2TB 52.8TB 17.6TB xfs sdb34 52.8TB 70.4TB 17.6TB xfs sdb45 70.4TB 88.0TB 17.6TB xfs sdb5
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
2.7 格式化分区
quit退出parted交互,使用mkfs给新建的分区格式化
2.7.1 lsblk查看磁盘结构
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 5G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 442.1G 0 part ├─rootvg-root 253:0 0 100G 0 lvm /├─rootvg-swap 253:1 0 32G 0 lvm [SWAP]├─rootvg-bomc 253:2 0 130.1G 0 lvm /bomc├─rootvg-home 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /home└─rootvg-var 253:4 0 100G 0 lvm /var
sdb 8:16 0 80.1T 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 16T 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 16T 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 16T 0 part
├─sdb4 8:20 0 16T 0 part
└─sdb5 8:21 0 16T 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]#
2.7.2 fdisk -l 查看磁盘
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 447.1 GiB, 480068075520 bytes, 937632960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x604ee21eDevice Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 10487807 10485760 5G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 10487808 937631743 927143936 442.1G 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 80.1 TiB, 88016821370880 bytes, 171907854240 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 2883584 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 72F44DFD-4B36-4ADD-8A51-40308B207C55Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 34 34381570847 34381570814 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb2 34381574656 68763143679 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb3 68763143680 103144712703 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb4 103144712704 137526281727 34381569024 16T Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb5 137526281728 171907850751 34381569024 16T Linux filesystemPartition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
2.7.3 对盘进行格式化
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
Use -f to force usage of a misaligned device
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
meta-data=/dev/sdb2 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb3
meta-data=/dev/sdb3 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb4
meta-data=/dev/sdb4 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]#
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb5
meta-data=/dev/sdb5 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696128, imaxpct=5= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=134303040 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1 bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4297696351, imaxpct=5= sunit=64 swidth=704 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=64 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
2.8挂载磁盘
2.8.1 新建目录
mkdir /data01 /data02 /data03 /data04
2.8.2 修改/etc/fstab文件
/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 /data01 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb3 /data02 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb4 /data03 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb5 /data03 xfs defaults 0 0
2.8.3 挂载
# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data01
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb3 /data02
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb4 /data03
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data04
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]#
[root@hkcrmlog08 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 94G 0 94G 0% /dev
tmpfs 94G 0 94G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 94G 42M 94G 1% /run
tmpfs 94G 0 94G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-root 98G 1.6G 92G 2% /
/dev/sda1 4.9G 245M 4.4G 6% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-bomc 127G 28K 121G 1% /bomc
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home 79G 44K 75G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var 98G 610M 93G 1% /var
tmpfs 19G 0 19G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 17T 115G 16T 1% /data
/dev/sdb2 17T 115G 16T 1% /data01
/dev/sdb3 17T 115G 16T 1% /data02
/dev/sdb4 17T 115G 16T 1% /data03
/dev/sdb5 17T 115G 16T 1% /data04
原因为哈,刚格式化后,磁盘就被占用100多G。应该是有地方能将此步骤节省出来,我没有找到。